My Lord Chancellor, Mr. Speaker, Mr. Prime Minister, My Lords, and Members of the House of Commons,
For the past couple of months, I have been pondering on what message I should deliver on my birthday. Initially I wanted to write a letter to the American people, but since I devoted my life towards trying to make America a better place, I opted to deliver a message to those outside of my home country. I then deliberated on whether I should write to the people of Africa or Europe. After deep contemplation and analysing the events of the past six years, I decided to deliver my message to the British Parliament. I hope you will act on what I have to say and relay my message to the good people of Britain. I am also addressing this letter to you because I never had the privilege of addressing both Houses of the British Parliament during my lifetime.
Britain has always held a special place in my heart. I’m amazed at how a small island country can give the world so much. In terms of contribution to the world, Britain excels all, including my own America. Where would the world be without Williams Shakespeare, Charles Dickens, the English language, the industrial revolution, football, the telephone, the Beatles, Isaac Newton, the Rule of Law and of course the Magna Carta?
Despite all these positive contributions, all is not well with Britain. She has become “a thing-oriented society rather than a person-oriented society.” For Britain to be part of the beloved community, she has to do away with the giant triplets of racism, economic exploitation and militarism. In the next couple of pages, I will discuss the ways these evils manifest and what can be done to make Britain an integral part of the beloved community — a community based on justice and equality where the lion and lamb; the rich and poor; the classes and the masses shall lie down together and every person shall sit under his or her own fig tree and none shall be afraid.
Economic Exploitation and Poverty
A number of you may find it strange that the first evil that I address is economic exploitation rather than racism. This is understandable especially as I am famed for my fight against racism and the “I have a Dream” speech, which I delivered in 1963. Just as I was passionate about fighting racism, I was equally passionate about fighting poverty and militarism because all these three evils are interlinked. To paraphrase what I once said to the Southern Christian Leadership Conference, a nation that will racially abuse its citizens of colour will “thingify” them and make them things; It will also exploit poor people economically. As a nation exploits the poor, it becomes attractive to foreign and domestic investments, and it will have to use its military and police might to protect these economic interests. So you can see that all of these problems are tied together.
Since the onset of the Great Recession, the British political establishment has fought tooth and nail to bring the economy back on its feet. However, in the process of resolving the crisis, the government has resulted in using a sledgehammer to crack a nut on the head of the downtrodden.
Prior to the financial crisis, a number of financial institutions, motivated by greed engaged in a series of unethical behaviour, which led to the worst economic crisis since 1930. As unemployment, property foreclosure and despair became the order of the day, the so-called City fell to its knees and the government came to its rescue by using £1 trillion of hard-earned taxpayers money to bail out financial institutions. The public became enraged against the banks with the latter accusing the former of “banker bashing”. Shortly after, the narrative changed from the irresponsible behaviour of the so-called Masters of the Universe to the so-called irresponsibility and immorality of the poor. As the government’s fiscal position deteriorated, words like austerity, scrounger and benefits began dripping from the lips of the political elite. Rather than acknowledge the plight of the poor impacted by the crisis, the political elite embarked on the biggest assault against poor folks since the implementation of the Poor Laws of 1834. Instead of declaring war against poverty, war was declared against the poor through the government’s austerity programme.
In order to press through these austerity measures, the political establishment embarked on a campaign to demonise what Franz Fanon calls the “Wretched of the Earth.” Once the media joined the bandwagon in bashing the poor, the lame and the homeless, the tide of public opinion began to turn against the downtrodden thereby making it easier for the government to implement its reforms. The vulnerable segments of British society have become the principal targets of the government’s spending cuts. Benefits for the unemployed and the disabled have been slashed, youth centres around the country have been closed while students have to incur excessive debts in order to get a quality education. Some of the victims of the war against the poor have paid with their lives like Mrs. Linda Wootton, a woman with a heart condition who died shortly after the government declared her fit for work. Her husband expressed the feelings of many of the least of these when he said, “I sat there and listened to my wife drown in her own body fluids. It took half an hour for her to die – and that’s a woman who’s ‘fit for work’. The last months of her life were a misery because she worried about her benefits, feeling useless, like a scrounger.”
As the poor, the underclass, the least of these, the downtrodden and the 99 per centers experience the British nightmare; the rich, the upper class, the most of these, the uptrodden and the 1 per centers are experiencing the British dream. I also find it strange that the downtrodden are portrayed as scroungers of the state. If the political elites engage in deep analysis, they would find out that the real scroungers are much closer home. Besides the financial sector, which was bailed out with £1 trillion of taxpayer’s funds, other scroungers include but are not limited to the nuclear and defence sectors, and rich farmers who enjoy government subsidies worth billions of pounds. Members of Parliament who fiddle their expenses also fall into the scrounger category. In modern day Britain, there is a kind of socialism for the rich and capitalism for the poor. It is a tragedy that while financial institutions are too big to fail, the downtrodden are too small to save.
When the legal rules in Britain were written, a strange formula to determine who was a criminal declared that the influential and mighty shouldn’t be criminalised. While it is illegal for a British teenager to steal a bottle of water worth 50p, it is not illegal for a British Oligarch to use a special purpose vehicle domiciled in a tax haven to avoid paying taxes running into millions of pounds ; while a person who claims unemployment benefit when working is liable to go to jail, a bank dealer who fixes LIBOR, which references financial instruments with notional values of hundreds of trillions of pounds is not liable to go to jail; while a homeless person can go to prison for begging, a high frequency trader who bribes an exchange to flash information relating to buy and sell orders before the information is publicly available walks freely on the street.
As the rich get richer and the poor get poorer, there has been a lack of political will to address the unsustainable level of inequality in the land. I wonder how Britain can justify the richest 1% having as much wealth as the poorest 55% of the population and I also wonder how Britain can justify 36,000 landowners owning 50% of the rural land in England and Wales. Britain prides herself on being a developed country, she prides herself on being a civilised country, and she prides herself on being a rich country, yet in the midst of plenty, there is so much lack. Many Brits are living on “a lonely island of poverty in the midst of a vast ocean of material prosperity.” In the last year, nearly a million people had to rely on food banks while 400,000 of God’s children are currently homeless. How can this be? It’s time to say NO to poverty. There is enough wealth for everyone in Britain to be well fed and housed; the wealth of the land ought to be used to satisfy the needs of many as opposed to satisfy the greed of few. There can be no real wealth without commonwealth. If Britain does not use its wealth to bridge the gap between the haves and the have not, it could be on its way to a spiritual death.
I understand that the Bank of England committed a total of £375bn to Quantitative Easing. Instead of using this money to purchase assets, which favour financial speculators and continue to reinforce inequality, may I suggest where this money can be deployed? It can be deployed into the “wrinkled stomachs of the millions of God’s children who go to bed hungry at night”; it can be deployed towards ensuring a guaranteed income for all Britons; it can be deployed towards providing affordable housing for every homeless person; it can be deployed towards subsidising students tuition fee and it can be deployed towards making sure that no old person goes to bed cold. If there is enough political will, poverty in Britain can be consigned to the dustbin of history.
It is time for the political establishment to be in tune with the yearnings of the masses. At the moment, the political class does not speak or understand the language of the least of these. I guess this is because many of you come from more privileged backgrounds. Because the political elites are out of reach from poor folks, they have become out of touch with the pain of poor folks, hence poverty deliberations are now out of scope for poor folks.
Some may ask, “How can I empathise with the marginalised?” The best way to appreciate the sufferings of the masses is to step into their shoes. In short there needs to be a compassionate revolving door between the political establishment and the marginalised constituency, rather than the well-oiled revolving door that currently exist between the political elites and financial firms. When I wanted to understand the plight of the poor in Chicago, I moved into one of the Chicago slums with my family. I suggest you do likewise; perhaps you could spend the summer recess along with your family members in the deprived areas of Britain. Not only will it bring you closer to the people but it will also allow you to have a better appreciation of their plight. Once the political elite is in sync with the masses, politicians will stop sending derogatory tweets like “Image from #Rochester” targeted against the working classes or making vile statements against the disabled like, “There is a group (people living with disabilities) ……. they are not worth the full minimum wage and actually I’m going to go and think about that particular issue, whether there is something we can do nationally without distorting the whole thing, which actually if someone wants to work for £2 an hour.”
The political establishment should strive to come to the defence of the marginalised. For too long, politicians have supported the classes to the detriment of the masses. When the European Union imposed a cap on banker’s bonuses, the British Government filed a lawsuit against the EU to reverse the cap. The Treasury spent £65,000 of taxpayer’s money in preventing the EU from imposing a ban on short-selling of financial products and another £41,669 on suing the European Central Bank for discriminating against UK clearing houses. In 2011, the Prime Minister vetoed the EU treaty so as to protect the City from over 20 financial regulations. Shouldn’t the government stand up for poor folks just as it stands up for rich folks?
Some of you may say, “I am really disappointed with Martin Luther King’s economic analysis.” My response to such people is that they have “not really known me, my commitment, or my calling.” I am also conscious that I might be called a communist because of my suggested radical economic reforms; for the sake of clarity, I am not a communist. “Communism is based on an ethical relativism, a metaphysical materialism, a crippling totalitarianism, and a withdrawal of basic freedom that no Christian can accept.” In addition, as Pope Francis rightly pointed out, “The communists have stolen our flag. The flag of the poor is Christian. Poverty is at the centre of the Gospel.”
Militarism
There is no doubt that Britain is a military super power possessing some of the most sophisticated weaponry. According to the Stockholm International Peace Research Institute, in 2013 Britain spent $57.8 billion on military expenditure, which translates to 5.2% of total government expenditure thus making Britain the 6th highest military spender in the world. The UK government also provides the arms industry, export subsidies to the tune of $1bn per annum. I cannot remain silent as the British government commits billions of dollars in military expenditure while God’s children queue for food at the various food banks flooding the country. Neither can I remain silent as cuts are made to public services that benefit the least of these. I have read about the funding crisis in the NHS and I ask myself why can’t financial resources be diverted from the Military Industrial Complex, which benefit a few to the NHS Compassionate Complex which benefits all?
I am also concerned that the military industrial complex like the financial sector has captured the political class. At the height of the Arab Spring, the Prime Minister led a high-powered business delegation to the Middle East. A third of the people in the Prime Minister’s entourage were senior executives from leading British defence and aerospace companies such as BAE Systems, QinetiQ and The Thales Group. Around the same time of this visit, the British Defence Minister was attending a military arms fair at Abu Dhabi along with executives from ninety British companies. These companies were exhibiting their wares including armored vans for riot control and rubber bullets.
In another instance, shortly after the British led NATO operation had dislodged Gaddafi from Libya, the then Defence Secretary issued a rallying call for British companies to seize the moment saying, “Libya is a relatively wealthy country with oil reserves, and I expect there will be opportunities for British and other companies to get involved in the reconstruction of Libya. I would expect British companies, even British sales directors, to be packing their suitcases and looking to get out to Libya and take part in the reconstruction of that country as soon as they can.” Instead of being captured by the military industrial complex, the political elite should allow itself to be captured by the poverty compassionate complex.
In its 2013 Human Rights and Democracy Report, the Foreign Office published an overview of its activities in defending human rights and promoting democracy around the world. Included in the report were 28 countries of concern involved in gross human rights violations. Of the 28 countries, 23 have contractual arrangements to purchase arms from the United Kingdom. Isn’t it ironic that as Britain preaches with one side of her mouth freedom and democracy, with the other side of her mouth she urges some of the world’s most brutal despots to buy arms, which they sometimes use to suppress the people they govern?
I also have to talk about an issue, which many of you might find uncomfortable; please be rest assured that I am doing this in love. A couple of centuries ago, Britain was the pre-eminent colonial power whose empire stretched from Australia to Zambia. It was an empire so wide that Kings and Queens could boast that the sun never set on the empire. Since the collapse of the empire in 1947, there are still some remnants, which prevail in the 21st century. There are currently 14 so-called British Overseas Territories for which Britain still retains sovereignty. Since many of these territories are located far away from the UK, it is no surprise that countries like Spain, Argentina and Mauritius dispute Britain’s sovereignty over Gibraltar, the Falkland Islands and the British Indian Ocean Territory respectively. While Britain calls these areas – British Overseas Territories, the United Nations refers to them as Non-Self-Governing Territories. According to the UN, there are 17 Non-Self-Governing Territories still under colonial rule. Of the 17 territories identified, Britain accounts for 10 of these. To put it bluntly, Britain is currently colonising 10 territories with a combined population of 235,259 people. By acting as colonial masters to a quarter of a million people, Britain is in breach of UN General Assembly Resolution 2621 (XXV) which states, “The further continuation of colonial cases in all their forms and manifestations is a crime which constitutes a violation of the Charter of the United Nations, the Declaration on the Granting of Independence to Colonial Countries and Peoples and the principles of international law.” When a permanent member of the United Nations Security Council that claims to champion democracy and human rights breaches such a fundamental principle of freedom, how can it have the moral justification to tell people like Putin or Saddam Hussein not to invade Crimea or Kuwait? I urge you to put the necessary mechanisms in place to grant independence to these territories and to give back the land to the original inhabitants.
Racism
Britain has come a long way from the type of racism that prevailed when I visited Britain fifty years ago. Gone are the days when a person could publicly make racially explicit comments against ethnic minorities or when a landlord could boldly tell a black tenant that he’d prefer renting his house to a black dog than to a black man. In today’s Britain, racism has not disappeared in its entirety. Racism has shed its de jure skin and put on a de facto skin. The individual racism in Britain has morphed into institutional racism. Evidence of the institutional form can be seen in the British judiciary system where Negroes and Asians get tougher sentences relative to their white counterparts; it can be seen in the British media where biased coverage against people of colour prevail; it can be seen in the British educational system where Negro scholars are excluded from the ivory towers; it can be seen in the British police force where Negroes are stopped, searched and arrested at an alarming rate; it can be seen in the British work place where people with “funny sounding names” don’t get shortlisted for interviews and where the unemployment rate for Negroes and other ethnic minorities are at elevated levels. In spite of the rhetoric’s emanating from the political class about tackling racism, little has been done. As far as racial issues are concerned, the political elites exhibit “a high blood pressure of creeds and an anemia of deeds”. For the purpose of this letter, I will not dwell much on this issue of institutional racism; I am only bringing it to your attention to remind you of your responsibility to the people on the less privileged side of the colour line. However, I will dwell on another manifestation of racism i.e. the treatment of immigrants.
I am deeply disturbed about UK’s attitude towards its immigrant population. Since the Great Recession, the political establishment has turned its back on immigrants. The emergence of parties like UKIP has resulted in a battle among the political elite to outdo each other in demonising and ostracising immigrants. Scripture tells us, when a foreigner resides in your land, you must not mistreat them. Britain once used to be tolerant towards immigrants. Where did it all go wrong? Politicians are scaremongering and blaming every woe that befalls Britain on “those who do not look or speak like true Brits.” The comments coming out from politicians range from:
The Bad – “GO HOME OR FACE ARREST”,
The Ugly – “In some areas of the UK, down the east coast, towns do feel under siege, with large numbers of migrant workers and people claiming benefits,”
The Outrageous – “Any normal and fair-minded person would have a perfect right to be concerned if a group of Romanian people suddenly moved in next door.”
The rhetoric coming from the political elite can be linked to the increase in racism prevailing in the land as the demonisation of immigrants only serves to trigger the latent racial instinct in the hearts of many people. As the media continues to poison the mind of the general population against immigrants, the Office of Communication (Ofcom) turns a blind eye. Every rape, murder, theft, arson is attributed to one immigrant group or the other. The Roma community in particular has been the principal target of these attacks. Programmes like My Big Fat Gypsy Wedding, My Big Fat Gypsy Christmas and My Big Fat Gypsy Christening reinforce stereotypes about members of the Roma community. Ever since politicians and the media turned up its verbal assault against Eastern European immigrants, should it be any surprise that there has been an uptick in violent attacks against these children of God?
Many of the government’s anti immigration policies have not been well thought out. Thousands of immigrants are detained in deplorable conditions, while there is a proposal to expel foreign students from Britain after their graduation. The government’s immigration regulation, which shifts responsibility on landlords to check the residential status of prospective tenants could result in housing discrimination against non-white people. More shocking is the recent consultation paper issued by the Home Office on terrorism, which calls for nursery school staff and registered child minders to report toddlers who are at risk of becoming terrorists. I find it absurd that a toddler who can barely walk could be a terrorist. This proposed policy has the potential to criminalise Arab and Muslim toddlers. I thought nothing could be as disturbing as the criminalisation of Negro youths until I heard of the proposed criminalisation of Muslim toddlers, which is reckless at best, and callous at worst. Is Britain gradually morphing into a Gestapo society where landlords, teachers and child minders are co-opted as spies?
Politicians must reassess their attitudes towards immigrants. Whenever the political elites complain about the influx of immigrants, they must bear in mind that there are over 5.5 million British emigrants permanently living abroad; whenever British politicians suggest immigrants are lazy and live on benefits, they must also bear in mind that there are a number of Britons who go to poor countries around the world and prey on vulnerable young boys and girls and use financial inducements to sexually exploit their victims. In framing the debate about immigration, the political class has developed a historical amnesia by failing to anchor immigration to Britain’s role in meddling in the affairs of other countries. Centuries ago, Britain went uninvited to many countries to enslave the people, take their lands and plunder their resources. In his book titled “All the Countries We’ve Ever Invaded: And the Few We Never Got Round To”, Stuart Laycock argues that Britain has invaded 90 per cent of the countries in the world; he cites that only 22 countries have never been invaded by Britain. Since the wealth of Britain was built on the bent and broken backs of the black and brown people of Africa and the Indian Subcontinent, Britain has no moral justification to stigmatise hardworking immigrants who come to this country to seek better opportunities than they can find at home.
Other Matters
As a minister of the Gospel of our Lord Jesus Christ and also as the son, grandson and great-grandson of Baptist ministers, I must say something about the treatment of Christians in Britain. The United Kingdom has a rich Christian heritage. Britain played a major role in spreading the Gospel to the four corners of the world. Thanks to King James I, the Bible is now accessible to the masses. Britain gave us great Men of God like John Wesley, Smith Wigglesworth, William Booth, Charles Spurgeon and George Jeffreys. However in today’s Britain, the environment is becoming hostile to Christians who are ridiculed and in some cases persecuted because of their faith. Some laws have been enacted which put pressure on Christians to compromise their faith. I also understand some people say that God is dead in Britain. I would like to talk to them about it because “it disturbs me to know that God died and I didn’t have a chance to attend the funeral. They haven’t been able to tell me yet the date of his death. They haven’t been able to tell me yet who the coroner was that pronounced him dead. They haven’t been able to tell me yet where he’s buried.” I appeal to you to make Britain more conducive for Christians and provide them with the protection that you provide followers of other faiths.
Conclusion
It is not my intention to be hostile or to make you feel guilty, so if I come across as hostile or preachy, please accept my apology. Prior to dictating this message to Alatenumo, I considered titling my letter “Why Britain May Go To Hell?” But I thought this would be unfair to the British people as the masses are already experiencing hell on earth. I decided it was not the British masses that needed addressing but those in high places. As rulers in the highest place in the United Kingdom, the buck stops with you.
When I see the despair on the faces of the least of these, I see people whose voices have been silenced and whose cries have failed to reach the ears of those in high places. As lawmakers in the land, you are in the privileged position of making a positive impact on the lives of the downtrodden. You need to realise that Britain can never be a first class nation as long as she has second-class citizens who are stripped of their dignity and humanity. When the history books are written say a hundred years from now, how would you want to be remembered? Would you want to be remembered as that generation of politicians who restructured Britain on the symmetric foundation of justice and equality, or would you want to be remembered as that generation of politicians who structured Britain on the asymmetric foundation of injustice and inequality? The choice is yours and history is watching.
Selah.
Yours in love
Martin Luther King Jr.
(Translated by Ahmed ‘Alatenumo’ Sule)